贵州省典型煤矿区水体水质分析及其急性生物毒性

Water Quality Analysis and Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Carinata of Various Water Samples from Typical Coal Mining Areas in Guizhou Province

为了解煤矿开采对周围水环境的影响,对贵州四个煤矿区水体的理化指标进行了测定,并用隆线溞对水样进行了急性生物毒性实验。结果表明,各煤矿的开采对研究区的地表水体均造成了不同程度污染,水体中SO42-、Fe与Mn的最高含量分别达到了2 588.96 mg/L,58.301 mg/L,7.097 mg/L,pH值最低为2.85。煤矿酸性废水对隆线溞有极强的急性生物毒性,其24 h LC50范围为2.27%～82.09%。不同煤矿区水体的生物毒性差异较大,花溪麦坪煤矿废水生物毒性最大,而水城大河边煤矿区水体最小,24 h内对隆线溞无致死作用。

Some water samples around 4 coal mines were collected in Guizhou Province to investigate the impact of coal mine exploitation on surface water environment.Physical and chemical characteristics of water samples were determined,and acute toxicity experiments were done for water samples with Daphnia carinata.Results indicated that the exploitation of coal mines caused serious pollution to water of the study area,with the highest contents of SO42-,Fe and Mn in water samples up to 2,588.96 mg/L,58.301mg/L and 7.097 mg/L respectively,as well as the lowest pH value 2.85.Coal acid mine drainage has a very strong acute toxicity to Daphnia carinata,with the 24 h LC50 ranges between 2.27% and 82.09%.Water in different coal mining areas has different biological toxicity,experiment results showed that water samples from Maiping Coal Mine has the strongest acute biological toxicity,while from Dahebian Coal Mine in Shuicheng has the weakest biological toxicity,causing non-lethal effect to Daphnia carinata in 24 h.