武汉始发列车蟑螂防治方法的研究

Cockroach control methods for departure trains in Wuhan

目的科学有效地控制列车蟑螂密度。方法采用药激法调查列车蟑螂的种类和密度;采用烟熏、滞留喷洒、毒饵、胶饵和超低容量喷雾等方法,进行蟑螂防治效果的研究。结果德国小蠊在武汉列车蟑螂种群构成比为91.60%～94.46%;高等级列车至低等级列车的蟑螂侵害率依次上升为6.85%～37.69%;单纯滞留喷洒和烟熏灭蟑1周后的杀灭效果为82.35%～100%,但是2个月左右蟑螂密度迅速回升;定期采用滞留喷洒加灭蟑胶饵和毒饵法灭蟑1周后的杀灭效果为91.94%～100%,2个月后蟑螂密度持续维持较低水平;用超低容量喷雾法和烟熏法应急处理车厢的48 h杀灭率分别为95.83%和87.69%,施药成本分别为28和40元/车厢。结论定期采用滞留喷洒加灭蟑胶饵和毒饵法灭蟑可将列车蟑螂密度持续控制在较低的水平;采用超低容量喷雾法可以在短时间内快速控制列车高密度蟑螂,其刺激性、安全性优于烟熏法灭蟑螂。

Objective To control cockroaches density on trains effectively. Methods Cockroach species and density were investigated by irritating cockroaches with pyrethrum spray.Fumigation,residual spray,gel bait,poison bait and ULV spray were used to control the cockroaches,then their control effects were studied. Results The component ratio of German cockroach on departure trains in Wuhan was 91.60%-94.46%.Cockroach infestation rate of high grade to low grade trains increased from 6.85% to 37.69%.The one week killing rates of fumigation or residual spray treated merely were 82.35%-100%,but the cockroach densities restored rapidly in 2 months.While treated regularly with residual spray,gel bait and poison bait,the one week killing rates were 91.94%-100%,and low densities of cockroach were keeped in 2 months.48 h killing rates of emergent treat with ULV spray and fumigation were 95.83% and 87.69% respectively,it cost RMB 28 and 40 per carriage.Conclusion Cockroaches density on trains can be controlled in low level when treating regularly with residual spray,gel bait and poison bait.High density of cockroaches on trains can be cotrolled with emergent treat with ULV spray,it has advantage over fumigation both in irritation and safety.