西周至汉初的学术发展脉络

The Developmental Route of Chinese Learning during the Period from the Western Zhou to the Early Han Dynasty

从西周的"学在官府"到战国时的"百家争鸣",再到汉武帝时的"独尊儒术",中国学术经历了一个从一元到多元再到一元的过程,演变轨迹为:学在官府——礼崩乐坏,学术下移——儒、墨私学产生——百家争鸣——六家抗衡——儒、道并争——独尊儒术。汉初儒家之所以能兼容百家,完成统一思想的任务,实现子学向经学的过渡,一是当时社会形势的需要,二在于儒家主张的"仁义"思想,三是儒家在斗争中理论体系的不断完善。

The development route of Chinese learning has undergone a process beginning from monism to pluralism and then back to monism once more during the period from the Western Zhou to the early Han Dynasty. Its track of evolution is： from learning monopolized by feudal authorities to the birth of the contention of a hundred schools of thoughts, and finally to espousing Confucianism alone after Confucianism overcoming other schools. The reasons why history has chosen Confucianism after the transition from the study of the various schools of thought during the pre - Qin period to the study of Confucian classics during the early Han Dynasty are as follows ： First, it caters for demands of the age of the Han Dynasty; Secondly, such ideas as Benevolence （仁） and Righteousness （义） lie in its thoughts; Thirdly, it has continuously perfected its theoretical system.