西方环境伦理的三种论证路径

Three Typical Demonstrational Approaches in Western Environmental Ethics

在西方环境伦理领域繁多的"主义"旗号下,有三种典型的论证路径。它们把环境伦理规定的根据分别追溯至神、自然和人道。这种分歧在根本上源自对人与自然关系的不同理解。人与自然的关系本质上并不是一种沉思的、形而上的联系,也不是纯粹生态学的事实,而是在社会历史中展开的具体过程。那里不存在静止的和谐,也没有孤立的中心,有的只是永恒的交互作用。环境伦理应当在揭示这一实际过程的基础上,在经验地研究环境问题的社会历史根源的基础上,来进行自身的理论建构。

There are three typical demonstrational approaches in the field of modern western environmental ethics.Correspondingly,the grounds of ethical stances and norms are separately traced back to God,Nature and humanity.Such divergences concern basically contradictory understanding of the relation between man and nature,the nature of which is not a contemplative or metaphysical fact,not a pure ecological one,but a concretely unfolded social-historic process.There is only eternal interaction between man and nature,without any static harmony,without any isolated center.The theoretical construction of environmental ethics should start from this point to bring the practical interactive process to light and to explain the real sources of environmental crisis.