不同感染途径对建立SD大鼠结核杆菌感染模型的影响

Effect of different pathways on establishment of experimental tuberculosis in SD rats

目的探讨SD大鼠结核杆菌感染模型的建立方法，比较不同感染途径对动物模型的影响。方法60只SD大鼠随机分成4组，使用标准人型H37Rv结核杆菌菌株0．01mg，分别从右侧胸腔、腹腔、尾静脉、尾部皮内注入，注菌8周后处死各组大鼠，观察大鼠肺、肝、脾大体病变及病理改变，注射部位迟发超敏反应情况，取肺组织匀浆作抗酸染色涂片并培养观察有无结核杆菌生长。结果HE染色下肺、肝、脾可见不同程度的结核性炎症改变，肺组织匀浆抗酸染色可见不同数量的短小、红染分枝杆菌。胸腔、尾静脉注菌组胸部脏器病理改变较腹腔、尾部皮内注菌组改变典型，组织匀浆培养阳性率高，腹腔注菌组腹腔肝、脾结核改变较其余组明显。结论SD大鼠对结核杆菌敏感，胸腔、腹腔、尾静脉注入结核杆菌均可建立大鼠结核杆菌感染模型，另外，胸腔、腹腔、尾静脉途径分别适用于建立结核性胸膜炎、腹腔结核、肺结核模型，尾部皮内注射途径一般仅应用于制造免疫。

Objective To develop SD rat model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and to compare different routes of infection in animal model. Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The rats were respectively injected with 0.01 mg standard strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv through the right side of the chest, abdomen, tail vein, and the tail skin. At the eighth week after injection, the rats were killed to observe the gross lesions and pathological changes of lung, liver, spleen and delayed hypersensitivity at the injection site. The lung tissue smear was used to observe the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by acid-fast staining and cultivation. Results The lung, liver, and spleen showed different degrees of tuberculous inflammatory changes by HE staining. The lung tissue showed different number of short, red dye Mycobacterium by acid-fast staining. Compared with groups of injection in abdomen and tail skin, the pathological changes of chest were more typical and the positive rate of tissue culture was higher in groups of injection in chest and tail vein. The tuberculosis changes of liver and spleen in group of intraperitoneal injection were more significant than those in other groups. Conclusions SD rats are sensitive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The injeetion of Mycobaeterium tuberculosis by chest, abdomen, and tail vein can establish the rat model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In addition, the injection of Myeobacterium tuberculosis by chest, abdomen, and tail vein are respectively fit for the establishment of tuberculous pleurisy, abdominal tuberculosis, and tuberculosis model, the injection in tail skin is generally only used to produce immunity.