儿童急性中毒的相关因素及防治对策分析

Causes of Acute Poisoning and Their Prevention in Children

目的了解我院近年来儿童急性中毒的发生情况,分析其变化特征及可能的原因,以寻求相应的干预措施。方法回顾性分析我院儿科2004年1月—2010年6月收治的儿童急性中毒患者的临床资料。结果 148例急性中毒儿童中1～岁79例(53.4%);药物中毒(过量)89例(60.1%);经消化道中毒112例(75.6%);恶心、呕吐77例(52.0%),烦躁谵语48例(32.4%)。治愈132例,死亡3例,急性中毒死亡率2.0%。结论儿童急性中毒以学龄前儿童中毒发生率较高;误服药物是中毒的重要因素。因此应加强药物的管理,规范药品的使用以减少城乡儿童急性中毒的发生。

Objective To explore the causes of acute poisoning in children and search the preventive measures.Methods The clinical data of 148 children with acute poisoning who were treated in our center from January 2004 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of these 148 patients,acute poisoning was most common in the 1 to 3 years age group（n=53,53.4%）.Drug administration errors（especially overdose） was the main cause（n=89,60.1%）.Most poisoning occurred in the digestive system（n=112,75.6%）.The main symptoms included nausea/vomiting（n=77,52.0%） and agitation/delirium（n=48,32.4%）.Three patients（2.0%） died.Conclusion The incidence of acute poisoning can be high among pre-school children.Since drug administration errors are the major cause of acute poisoning,it is important to enhance drug management to prevent acute poisoning events in children.