成语中方位词的文化隐喻功能

Culturally Metaphorical Function of Nouns of Locality in Idioms

汉语作为一种特殊的社会文化现象具有鲜明的民族特点,这一点可以从汉语方位词里找到理论依据。空间方位词在人类的文化心理中具有特别值得重视的地位。汉语有"上、下、前、后、左、右、东、西、南、北、里、外、中、内"等14个单音节方位词,它们在表示空间方位的同时还是汉语重要的文化隐喻工具。从成语可以看出汉语方位词蕴含有生机隐喻、尊卑隐喻、中心隐喻、亲疏关系隐喻等隐喻功能。

Chinese as a special social and cultural phenomenon has distinctive national characteristics,which can be found in Chinese nouns of locality.Spatial nouns of locality play an important role in human cultural psychology.There are fourteen monosyllabic nouns of locality： shang,xia,qian,hou,zuo,you,dong,xi,nan,bei,li,nei,zhong and wai.Indicating spatial position,they are important tools of cultural metaphor.It can be seen from Chinese idioms that Chinese nouns of locality contain life metaphor,inferiority or superiority metaphors,central metaphor and metaphor of close or distant relationship.