从文化形态史观探析魏晋南北朝史学发展的原因

On the Development of Historiography in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties from the Historical View of Cultural Morphology

魏晋南北朝时期,由于社会结构的转变,促使了这一时期社会学术思想的转变,即由经学独尊到儒、玄、道、佛等多元思想的博弈与互动,在这种博弈与互动中,使得门阀士族为了正门第、保证其高贵门第地位永固和政治经济特权永存而纷纷重视修史;下层寒士阶层为了扬名后世也很重视修史,致使这一时期官修、私修史书繁盛。五胡十六国等少数民族的入侵,使得统一的政治权威碎化为多元的、狭小的单位而出现真空,致使他们在文化上相互交流与融合,他们为争"正统"或隐"僭越"也很重视重修国史。佛教的传播对这一时期史学也产生了很深的影响。

In the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,changes of social structure leads to shifts of academic thoughts from the sole study of Confucian classics to the gaming and interaction among Confucianism,Metaphysics,Taoism and Buddhism.In the process,in order to strengthen their noble lineage and consolidate their political and economic privileges scholar-bureaucrats paid much attention to the compilation of historical books.So do hedge-writers whose purpose is for the posthumous fame,hence the bloom in compiling historical books.The invasion of sixteen kingdoms of five ethnic groups broke the unified political authority into small pieces,thus creating a vacuum and promoting their cultural communication and integration.For the purpose of being orthodox and hiding arrogation,they also emphasized historical compilation.Historiography is also influenced by the spread of Buddhism.