辅食营养补充品对农村婴幼儿贫血的干预研究

Effect of complementary food supplements on incidence of anemia among children in rural areas of China

目的了解补充辅食营养补充品（NurtureMate）对农村地区6～24月龄婴幼儿贫血状况的影响，为在我国贫血高发区进行群体干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法从内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市4个县选择8个乡的全部6—24月龄婴幼儿分为干预组和对照组，干预组婴幼儿每周补充5次辅食营养补充品（NurtureMate），共补充4个月，对照组为完全空白对照。干预前后检测婴幼儿末梢血血红蛋白。有945名婴幼儿入选，其中干预组502名，对照组443名。结果干预组婴幼儿贫血率由46．7％下降到37．5％，干预前后贫血患病率比较差异有统计学意义（X2=8．578，P〈0．01）；对照组于预后贫血患病率无显著下降。干预组48．5％的贫血患儿转为正常，11．8％的患儿贫血程度改善，贫血转归好于对照组，经比较差异有统计学意义（x2=15．037，P〈0．01）。结论补充辅食营养补充品在一定程度上能预防6—24月龄婴幼儿的贫血，可改善轻度贫血患儿的患病状况。因此建议将辅食营养补充品的补充作为贫困地区婴幼儿营养干预的有效方法之一。

Objective To investigate effect of complementary food supplements on incidence of anemia among children aged 6-24 months in Inner Mongolia rural areas of China. Methods In random cluster sampling method,all 945 children aged 6-24 months from 8 townships in 4 counties in Inner Mongolia rural areas were divided into intervention group and control group. 502 children in the intervention group received complementary food supplements （Nurture Mate） 5 times per week for 4 months. While 443 children in the control group didn＇ t receive any intervention. The hemoglobin level in peripheral blood of all children was detected before and after 4-month-intervention. Results After the intervention, the incidence of anemia was lowered from 46.7% to 37.5%, which showed a statistically significant difference compared with th$ baseline data （ P 〈 0.01 ）. There was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention. Among 417 children with anemia at the baseline study （236 children in the intervention group and 181 children in the control group）, 48.5% of children with mild anemia became normal, and 11.8% of children with moderate to severe anemia became mild anemia in the intervention group, while only 33.1% children with mild anemia became normal, and 8.3% children with moderate to severe anemia became mild anemia in the control group. The improvement in anemia of children in the intervention group was significantly better than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Complementary food supplements can prevent and improve anemia of children aged 6-24 months in Inner Mongolia rural areas. So, we propose that complementary food supplements can be employed one of the effective methods of nutritional intervention for infants in the poverty areas.