文化研究的两种范式:文本中心论与相关性

Two Kinds of Models for Cultural Studies:Text-Centered Theory and Correlation

在中外历史上,"文本中心论"研究范式,可以说由来已久。这种研究范式从"意义为文本所固有并被作者所赋予"观点出发,关注文本本义,把"文本"作为研究客体的中心。在当代文本中心论研究范式不断遭到质疑和挑战的背景下,20世纪80年代中期以来兴起了一种新文化研究范式,即"相关性"范式。这种新研究范式的重心不在文本的本义,而在于文本与日常生活的相关性上,主张意义不是文本的固有特质而是被读者发现并生产出来的,一个文本只有进入社会和文化关系中,其意义潜能才能被激活。这种新研究范式具有开拓性意义,标志着当代文化研究从以往过于注重文本分析转向注重读者的文化实践。但另一方面,这种新范式也在相当程度上忽视了文本本身的意义,从而走向了另一个极端。

In domestic and foreign history,text-centered theorytext research paradigm has a long history.This kind of research paradigm pays more attention to the text itself and takes the text as the center of study.Under the background of the text-centered theory is constantly questioned and challenged,a new culture research paradigm,relevance paradigm has arisen since the middle of 1980s.The gravity of his new research paradigm is not the original text,but the correlation between text and of daily life.It advocates that the meaning is not a text idiosyncratic but the readers discovered and produced.The significance potential of the text can be activated only when it came into the social and cultural relations.This new research paradigm has pioneering significance,marks the contemporary cultural studies from focusing text analysis to reader's cultural practice.But on the other hand,the new paradigm ignored the meaning of the text itself,thus to the other extreme.