婴幼儿变应性鼻炎的治疗

Treatment of allergic rhinitis in infant

目的探讨婴幼儿变应性鼻炎的治疗方法。方法将267例婴幼儿变应性鼻炎患儿分成3组,第1组为有鼻腔分泌物蓄积,在治疗前先以吸痰管吸除鼻腔分泌物,共76例;第2组为有鼻腔分泌物蓄积,在治疗前未以吸痰管吸除鼻腔分泌物,共75例;第3组为无鼻腔分泌物蓄积者116例。3组均以泵式雾化器经鼻腔雾化吸入布地奈德,1岁以下0.25mg/次,1岁以上0.5mg/次,隔日1次,共6次。观察疗效和治疗前后体重、身高的变化。结果第1组、第3组与第2组疗效比较均有统计学意义。低剂量布地奈德雾化吸入能够改善婴幼儿变应性鼻炎的临床症状和鼻腔炎症,但鼻腔分泌物会妨碍布地奈德的吸收,而影响其疗效。病例组治疗前后体重、身高增长与健康体检组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低剂量布地奈德经鼻腔雾化吸入治疗婴幼儿变应性鼻炎疗效显著。当有鼻腔分泌物蓄积时,应先将分泌物吸除才能获得满意疗效,且未对婴幼儿生长发育产生不良影响。

Objective To discuss the treatment of allergic rhinitis in infant.Methods 267 infant patients with allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups.GroupⅠwas comprised of 76 patients with accumulated nasal secretion sucked via sputum suction tube before trials,GroupⅡwas comprised of 75 patients with accumulated nasal secretion not sucked before trials,and Group Ⅲ was comprised of 116 patients with no accumulated nasal secretion.Budesonide was inhaled into nasal cavity with pump type atomizer in spray inhalation manner in all the three groups.Spray inhalation was made every other day,Budesonide 0.25 mg（for those younger than one year） or 0.5 mg（for those older than one year） was inhaled for each time,6 times in total.Then,curative effect and changes of body weight and height before and after treatment were observed.Results The curative effect of groupⅠand Ⅲ was better than that of group Ⅱ,with statistically significant differences.Low dose of inhaled Budesonide was able to improve the symptoms and inflammation of the patients,while the secretion in nasal cavity had an impact on efficacy of Budesonide because of its inhibition of absorption.The differences of changes of body weight and height of patients who received healthy physical examination before and after treatment were insignificant（P0.05）.Conclusion Spray inhalation of Budesonide via nasal cavity has obvious curative effect for infant allergic rhinitis,and it has no adverse effect on near growth and development of infants.If there is ecretion accumulated in nasal cavity,it should be sucked firstly to obtain satisfactory curative effect.