菊苣叶片不同溶剂提取物对粘虫的生物活性

Bioactivity of different solvent extracts from Cichorium intybus leaf on Mythimna separata

采用冷浸和超声波提取相结合的方法,分别获得了菊苣（Cichorium intybusL.）叶片乙酸乙酯、乙醚和石油醚提取物;并应用饲喂称重法及叶碟法研究了这3种提取物对粘虫（Mythimna separataWalker）幼虫生长发育的影响及拒食效应。结果表明：菊苣叶片乙酸乙酯提取物的得率显著高于乙醚和石油醚提取物,3种提取物的得率分别为4.36%、1.96%和1.08%。在实验期内（9 d）,3种提取物处理组的试虫个体质量均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,且各处理组间总体上差异显著;其中,乙酸乙酯提取物处理组试虫的个体质量最小,发育抑制率最高并随培养时间延长持续增高,饲养第9天发育抑制率达到79.27%;乙醚和石油醚提取物处理组的发育抑制率则表现为先升高后降低的趋势,均在饲养第5天达到最高,分别为62.44%和45.83%。各处理组试虫的死亡率和单蛹质量均显著高于对照组,化蛹率（50.00%~80.00%）均显著低于对照组。其中,乙酸乙酯提取物处理组试虫的死亡率和校正死亡率均最高,分别为57.80%和52.05%。各处理组试虫的幼虫期与对照组也有显著差异,分别较对照组延长了3.62~11.78 d。各处理组对试虫的拒食作用显著高于对照组,其中,乙酸乙酯提取物处理组的拒食率最高;乙酸乙酯、乙醚和石油醚提取物处理组72 h的拒食率分别为84.43%、76.46%和16.67%。研究结果显示,菊苣叶片的乙酸乙酯、乙醚和石油醚提取物对粘虫均有致死及抑制生长发育的作用,尤其是乙酸乙酯提取物的生物活性更强,可作为天然植物源驱虫剂进行开发利用。

The extracts of ethyl acetate,ethyl ether and petroleum ether were obtained from Cichorium intybus L.leaf by combined method of cold-soaking and ultrasonic extraction.And effects of three extracts on growth and development and anti-feeding of Mythimna separata Walker were studied by feeding-weighting and leaf-disc methods.The results show that the extraction rate of ethyl acetate extract from C.intybus leaf is significantly higher than that of ethyl ether and petroleum ether extracts,and their extraction rate is 4.36%,1.96% and 1.08%,respectively.During the experiment period of nine days,the individual weight of larvae in three extract treatment groups is significantly lower than that of the control（P0.05）,and there are significant differences among three treatment groups generally.In which,the individual weight of larvae in treatment group with ethyl acetate extract is the lowest,and the development inhibition rate is the highest and continuously increases with prolonging of feeding time,which reaches to a rate of 79.27% in the ninth day of the experiment.While,the development inhibition rate in treatment groups with ethyl ether and petroleum ether extracts appears the trend of first enhancing and then reducing,both reach the highest rate of 62.44% and 45.83% respectively in the fifth day of the experiment.The mortality and weight per pupa of larvae in three treatment groups all are significantly higher than those of the control,but the pupation rate（50.00%-80.00%） is lower than that of the control.Among three treatment groups,the mortality and corrected mortality of larvae in the treatment group with ethyl acetate extract all are the highest with the values of 57.80% and 52.05%,respectively.The larval time of M.separata in three treatment groups has a significant difference with that of the control,and is longer for 3.62-11.78 d than that of the control.The anti-feeding effect on larvae in three treatment groups is significantly higher than that of the control,in which,the anti-feeding rate in the treatment group with ethyl acetate extract is the highest,and that in the treatment groups with ethyl acetate,ethyl ether and petroleum ether extracts treated for 72 h is 84.43%,76.46% and 16.67%,respectively.It is suggested that ethyl acetate,ethyl ether and petroleum ether extracts from C.intybus leaf have some effects of lethal and inhibit growth and development on M.separata larvae,especially,the bioactivity of ethyl acetate extract is stronger.Therefore,C.intybus leaf extracts can be exploited and utilized as natural botanical insecticide.