略论汉代母子亲情和伦理——以山东武梁祠画像为例

A Brief Discussion on Mother-Child Affections and Ethics in the Han Dynasty——Taking a Portrait in Wuliang Temple,Shandong Province as an Example

母慈子孝是汉代社会基本伦理规范,但山东武梁祠画像展现的情景与此并不一致,图画者在子孝方面做足了文章,而对母亲尤其是继母的亲子态度有所保留:它既表现母亲自私和偏执心理,又强行要求以公义拒斥私爱,这种两元对立的思维模式和亲子原则造就了汉代社会众多妇女悲剧和亲情悲剧。

Affections towards their child on the part of mothers and filial piety shown to the parents on the part of children are basic norms of ethics in the Han Dynasty.However,the messages reflected by a portrait in Wuliang Temple,Shandong Province run contrary to such norms.The author of the portrait gave full weight to the point of filial piety on the part of children while having reservations about maternal affections towards children,especially that of the stepmothers.What was got across in the portrait is that it not only exhibited the mentality of selfishness and paranoia on mothers＇ part but also forced mothers to place righteousness above personal gains and affections.It is such a dichotomy of mode of thinking and principle of parent-child relationship that had brought about numerous social and familial tragedies on the part of women in the Han Dynasty.