《型世言》《儿女英雄传》反身代词计量比较研究

The Comparative Study of Reflexive Pronouns in Stories to Warn Men and The Story of Child Heroes Based on Statistics

通过对《型世言》和《儿女英雄传》反身代词的研究,我们发现:从数量分布上看,"自己"打败了"自",占据了绝对的优势,非常接近其在现代汉语中的分布。从历时的角度来看,尽管近代汉语的"自己、自家"与古代汉语的"自"有历史继承关系,但他们与近代汉语的"自"有着不小的差别:"自"通常与谓词紧密相连,表示行为状态的排他性,因此在语言结构组合的能力上较缺乏独立性。"自己、自家"则可以较多地单独用作主语、定语和宾语,具有代词的独立性。

Through the study of reflexive pronouns in Stories to Warn Men and The Story of Child Heroes based on statistics,it can be found that＂自己＂takes the absolute priority over＂自＂,approaching its distribution in modern Chinese.From the diachronic perspective,although ＂自己、自家＂in modern Chinese has the historical inherited relationship with ＂自＂,they are quite different from it：＂自＂ is usually linked with predicate words,showing the exception in action and state,so it lacks independency in the combination of linguistic structure;＂自己、自家＂is used as subject,attributive and object in a greater scope and has independency.