秦岭山区漆树种籽含油率与脂肪酸成分分析

Oil content and fatty acid composition of Toxicodendron vernicifluum seeds from the Qinling Mountains

以秦岭山区栽培的火罐子、白皮高八尺、黄绒高八尺、贵州黄等4个漆树品种种籽为试材,利用索氏提取法和气相色谱—质谱联用法,测定了漆树的含油率和脂肪酸成分。结果表明：①4个秦岭山区漆树品种种籽的含油率分别为16.21%、13.15%、15.76%、10.90%,差异极显著;②4个秦岭山区漆树品种种籽油中脂肪酸成分至少有23种,其中亚油酸、油酸（E）、油酸（Z）、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等7种脂肪酸的含量总和分别占测定到总脂肪酸含量的97.28%、98.09%、98.12%、95.02%;③4个秦岭山区漆树品种种籽油的主要不饱和脂肪酸差别较大,在67.41%-83.03%之间,最高差值为16.52%;④火罐子、白皮高八尺、黄绒高八尺等3个秦岭山区本地品种与引入品种贵州黄之间,在脂肪酸的构成上差异较大,3—辛基环氧乙烷辛酸、环丙烯丁酸、十五烷酸、十八烷—9,12—二烯酸、2—己基—环丙辛酸、9,12—十六碳烯酸、二十三烷酸、亚麻酸（异构）、9—十四碳烯酸等9种脂肪酸在二者之间存在质的区别。

Toxicodendron vernicifluum seeds of four cultivars ＇Huoguanzi＇,＇Baipigaobachi＇,＇Huangronggaobachi＇,and ＇Guizhouhuang＇ grown in Qinling mountainous areas were collected,and oil content and fatty acid composition were analyzed by Soxhlet extraction and GC-MS（gas chromatography-mass spectrography） respectively.The results show that： ①The oil contents varied significantly with cultivars,ranging from 10.90% to 16.21%.②Twenty-three fatty acids were identified for each cultivar,including seven principal acids,i.e.linoleic acid,oleic acid（E）,oleic acid（Z）,linolenic acid,zoomaric acid,palmic acid,and stearic acid;the total content of these seven acids made up 97.28%,98.09%,98.12%,and 95.02% for the cultivars,respectively.③The contents of unsaturated fatty acids also varied greatly with the cultivar,ranging from 67.41% to 83.03%.④Fatty acid composition differed markedly between the local cultivars ＇Huoguanzi＇,＇Baipigaobachi＇,＇Huangronggaobachi＇,and the introduced ＇Guizhouhuang＇,particularly in the composition of nine fatty acids such as pentadecoic acid,octadecane-9,12-dienoic acid,and tricosoic acid,which expressed highly significant difference between the two cultivar groups.