白蛋白尿对中老年人群总死亡及心血管病死亡的预测研究

Prediction of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality by albuminuria in middle-to- old-aged Chinese population

目的 了解中老年人群白蛋白尿与总死亡及心血管病死亡之间是否有独立关系.方法 在北京市首钢社区整群随机选取40岁以上人群2500人,实际调查2315人.收集清晨首次尿标本,测量尿白蛋白和肌酐,计算尿白蛋白/肌酐比（ACR）.以ACR＜30、30～299、≥300 mg/g分为正常、微量、显性白蛋白尿3组.微量、显性组合称白蛋白尿组.同时调查心血管病危险因素.4年后对该人群进行随访,共获得1725人的结局事件.使用Cox回归模型调整混杂因素,分析白蛋白尿与死亡的关系.结果 研究人群中微量、显性白蛋白尿的患病率分别为7.6%和1.4%.4年后随访结果显示,正常、微量、显性组心血管病死亡事件发生率分别为2.7/1000人年、19.9/1000人年和11.5/1000人年,总死亡发生率分别为6.6/1000人年、25.9/1000人年和57.5/1000人年.调整混杂因素后,与正常组相比,白蛋白尿组发生心血管病死亡的风险（hazard ratio,HR）为5.26（95%CI 2.26～12.24）,发生总死亡的HR为3.34（95%CI 1.82～6.15）.在无心血管病史的人群中,白蛋白尿患者发生心血管病死亡和总死亡的风险分别为6.92（95%CI 1.80～26.58）和2.85（95%CI 1.22～6.65）.结论 首钢社区中老年人群中,白蛋白尿是心血管病死亡和总死亡发生的独立预测因素.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between albuminuria and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in middle-to-old-aged Chinese population. Methods A total of 2500 residents aged more than 40 years old were selected using random cluster sampling in Shougang community, Beijing, and 2315 of them took part in the survey finally. Morning urinary samples were collected. Urinary albumin and creatinine were measured. Albumin to creatinine ratio （ACR） was calculated and used as an index of albuminuria. The subjects were grouped according to ACR： normoalbuminuria （NO, ACR〈 30 mg/g）, microalbuminuria （MI, ACR 30-299 mg/g）, and macroalbuminuria （MA, ACR ≥ 300 mg/g）. Albuminuria （AL） group consisted of MI group and MA group. Cardiovascular risk factors were also investigated. Then all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were collected after 4 years. The Cox model was used to analyze the relationship between albuminuria and all-cause mortality after adjusting for confounders. Results The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 7.6% and 1.4% respectively. After 4 years follow-up,the cardiovascular mortality was 2.7/1000 person-years in NO group, 19.9/1000 person-years in MI group, and 11.5/1000 person-years in MA group and the all-cause mortality was 6.6/1000,25.9/1000 and 57.5/1000 person-years respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, serum lipids, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease at baseline and serum creatinine, the hazard ratio （HR） of cardiovascular mortality in AL group was 5.26 [95% confidence intervals （CI） 2.26-12.24] compared with NO group; the HR of all-cause mortality was 3.34 （95% CI 1.82-6.15）. Among patients without cardiovascular disease at baseline, the corresponding HRs were 6.92 （95%CI 1.80-26.58） and 2.85 （95%CI 1.22-6.65） respectively.Conclusion In the population studied, albuminuria is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.