苦马豆和披针叶黄华种子硬实特性与活力关系

Relationship between Hard Seed and Seed Vigor of Swainsonia salsula and Thermopsis lanceolate

将苦马豆和披针叶黄华种子在恒温25℃下吸胀,每24 h取出吸胀种子,16 d后未吸胀的种子为硬实种子(H),硬实种子用硫酸处理后恒温吸胀24 h,与非硬实种子进行发芽试验和各项活力指标测定。结果显示每日内吸胀的种子数量随时间推移以一定比列下降,苦马豆非硬实种子第3天后吸胀率下降到1%,第13～16天突然上升后又下降到1%,披针叶黄华非硬实种子第3天后下降到1%,第9、10天突然上升后又下降到1%。两种豆类都显示出硬实种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、脱氢酶活性、呼吸速率和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均高于非硬实种子,而电导率、浸出液可溶性糖和丙二醛(MDA)含量低于非硬实种子,缓慢吸胀的硬实种子活力指标高于快速吸胀的硬实种子,这表明硬实种子活力高于非硬实种子,硬实种子吸胀过程中存在吸胀损伤。而在非硬实种子中,根据以上活力指标判断,晚吸胀的种子比早吸胀的种子活力高。

Seeds of Swainsonia salsula and Thermopsis lanceolate were imbibed at 25℃and were taken out as a sample every 24 h,after 16-day were treatment,the non-imbibing seeds were regard as hard seed（H）.Treated with sulfate,the 24-hour imbibed hard seeds were subjected to germination and several vigor tests,with non-hard seed as control.The results indicated that the numbers of newly imbibed seeds were gradually decreased every day with soaking time delayed.Imbibition rate of S.salsula non-hard seed decreased to 1%after 3 days, and it increased little then deceased to 1%again in 13^（th） to 16^（th） day.Imbibition rate of T.lanceolate non-hard seed decreased to 1%after 3 days,and it increased little then deceased to 1%again in 9^（th） to 10^（th） day.The germination rate,germination index,vigor index,respiration rate,the activities of dehydrogenase and SOD of hard seeds were significantly higher than those of non-hard seeds in both species,while the relative conductivity,the contents of soluble sugar and malondialdehyde of hard seeds were lower than those of non-hard seeds.The vigor of seeds imbibed quickly was higher than that of seeds imbibed slowly,which showed that the vigor of hard seeds were higher than that of non-hard seeds,there was a soaking injury during imbibition process.The vigor of seeds imbibed later was higher than that of seeds imbibed earlier for non-hard seed basing on vigor indexes above.