云南省不同时期小麦品种产量潜力和产量性状差异性的初步分析

The Preliminary Analysis of Difference of Yield Potentialities and Yield Characters of Wheat Varieties Representing Different Periods in Yunnan Province

对云南省不同时期22个小麦主栽品种的产量潜力和产量性状进行了研究。结果表明:不同时期小麦品种的产量潜力具有显著差异,代表21世纪初的小麦品种产量潜力最高(7 293.9 kg/hm2),代表20世纪70年代的次之(6 975 kg/hm2),代表20世纪50至60年代的小麦品种产量潜力最低(5 858.55 kg/hm2)。对不同时期小麦品种产量性状的分析表明,穗粒数有所增加,株高明显降低,对产量潜力有一定影响。相关性分析表明,品种年代与产量有显著的线性正相关关系,与株高存在显著的线性负相关关系。根据欧式平方距离将22个小麦品种聚为三大类群,其中77.3%(17个)的品种归入第三大类,且同一时期的小麦品种并未归为一类。

The 22 main cultivars of wheat were selected to investigate yield potentialities and yield characters. The result demonstrated that the yield potentialities of wheat were significant. The wheat varieties representing the be- ginning of 21st century gained the highest yield potentialities （7 293.9 kg/hm=）, representing the 20th century 70s hm2 gained lower （6 975 kg/hm2） , representing the 20th century 50s and 60s gained minimum （5 858.55 kg/ ）. The analysis of yield characters of wheat varieties revealed that the grain number per spike was increased and plant height was remarkably reduced and had some influence on yield potentialities. Correlations revealed that periods were significant positive linear correlation with yield, and were significant negative linear correlation with plant height. Based on Squared Euclidean distance method, all the cuhivars could be clustered into 3 major groups, of which the third group contained 17 cultivars and accounts for 80.8% of all accessions tested. The cuitivars representing the same period did not clustered into the same major group.