本溪市大气污染总量控制研究

Study on total quantity control of air pollution in Benxi City

运用GIS技术将本溪市7个规划区共29个环境功能区中大气污染控制点在地理坐标下进行划分,采用EIAA大气环评助手软件预测功能区内17个主要工业污染源的TSP和SO_2浓度值,以图示的方式显示其超标情况。对于TSP,在执行国家2级标准的环境功能区大部分超标,个别功能区超标严重;执行国家3级标准的功能区全部超标,且超标严重,已成为重点规划区;而SO_2只有部分污染值超标。这些浓度值与增加了干湿沉降的优化型总量控制A-P值法所计算出的理想环境容量进行对比,并且计算中多采用在实践中得到较好验证的经验参数,从而可以清楚地反映各功能区污染物基础削减量。最后选择利于环境改善的源强优化规划分配模型对污染物进行削减计算,所得结果运用可达性分析进行评价。研究表明:TSP的总削减量达到总源强的50%,TSP污染严重,SO_2的总削减量达到了总源强的1/4,TSP的削减率明显高于SO2。削减后的TSP和SO_2剩余环境容量分别为93 301 t/a和68 721 t/a,污染物浓度值均低于环境容量。

By using GIS technology, the control points of atmosphere pollution are divided into 29 environmental functional areas and 7 planning zones according to the geographical coordination. Then, the concentration values of TSP and SO2 of 17 main industrial pollution sources are predicted with atmosphere environmental impact assessment assistant software, EIAA. At the same time, the situations of standard exceeding are displayed through graphic method. The results revealed that, for TSP, most of the values have exceeded the standard in the environmental functional areas which applying the secondary standard, including some seriously polluted areas. For the areas which implementing tertiary standard, all values have exceeded the allowable standard and become emphasized planning zones. However, the standard violation of SO2 values was not serious as only parts of assessed areas have exceeded the standard. The values were compared with the ideal environmental capacity which was calculated from the optimized A-P value method that was enhanced with dry-wet settlement. Moreover, the experimental parameters which have been preferably proved in practice were carried out in the calculation. Consequently, the solution clearly reflected basic reduction of pollutant amounts in each functional area. Finally, model of source intensity optimized planning distribution which is helpful for environmental improvement, was chosen to execute the calculation of pollutant reduction. The obtained results were evaluated with accessibility analysis. The findings indicated that the amount of TSP total reduction has attained half of total source intensity and the amount of SO2 total reduction has attained one quarter of total source intensity. The rate of TSP reduction was obviously higher than that of SO2 reduction. The remaining environmental capacity of TSP as well as SO2 post reduction was 93 301 t/a and 68 721 t/a respectively. From the graphical representation, we can find out that the modeled values are all lower than the ideal environmental capacity and the research is thus beneficial for further industrial development planning of Benxi City.