康德表象理论研究——兼论“表象科学观”和“实践科学观”

On Kant’s Theory of Representation——Also on " Representational Conception of Science" and "Practical Conception of Science"

认识主体是表象者。它以心智对对象作表象。感性纯直观和知性纯粹思维都是作表象。它们是经验性直观的表象和知性的一般概念思维的表象的前提、基底和条件。心智本身作为主体意识就有一种表象能力来保证诸表象的综合统一性,使所综合的表象确定地对应于客体,从而为认识创造了条件,使之成为可能。心智所认识的是物体的表象。表象是对物体的表象,是物体所有的。表象是由心智的结构和机能所决定的,但它们毕竟是这种机能施于物体后而呈现或者说给出的东西。表象又区别于物体本身。物体缘于同认识主体结成认识关系,进入心智的纯直观而被表象为现象,而物体本身独立自在,远比表象丰富。表象对于科学具有表征意义。"科学作为实践"的观念只是引发科学哲学发生"实践转向",不存在"实践科学观"取代"表象科学观"的问题。"表象"和"实践"都是对科学的内涵的把捉。

Knowing subject is a representation maker.It makes object represented by its mind.Pure intuition of sensibility and pure thinking of understanding both are making of representation.They are premise,foundation and condition for representing of empirical intuition as well as one of conceptional thinking in general.Mind itself as subject consciousness inherently possesses a representing function which ensures the synthetic unity of representations and makes the synthesized representations correspond definitely to object,thereby enabling knowing.That known by mind is representation of thing.Representation is on thing as well as of thing.Representation is determined by the structure and function of mind.However,representation is presented or given after this function is applied on thing.But,representation is distinct from thing in itself.As regards representation,thing enters into pure intuition of mind and is represented as phenomenon after thing comes in knowing relation with knowing subject.Whereas thing in itself exists independently,and is richer much more than its representation.Representation is characteristic of science.The idea 'science as practice' only brings a 'practical turn' in philosophy of science,but there is no the problem of replacing of 'representational conception of science' by'practical conception of science'.Both'representation' and 'practice' are the grasp of the meaning of science.