葡萄牙直接防控松材线虫的措施(英文)

The direct control measures against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)in portuguese case

由松材线虫引发的松萎蔫病在葡萄牙发生于1999年,此后防治该病的措施主要是热处理、用溴甲烷熏蒸、砍伐和焚烧感病树木。最近发布了一系列的官方文件,以确保这些措施对松木、包装木和其他松木材料的处理效果,且已经有公司注册按照文件要求进行处理。最近欧盟对这些防治措施和药剂进行评价,主要考查它们对人类健康和环境的影响,所得结果是原来市场上流通的1 219种药剂产品中仅有340种获得批准在欧盟市场上流通。其中溴甲烷被标记为"高度危险",仅能用于检疫和运输前对木材或木制品的处理;硫酰氟被标记为"暂时未定",可以暂时替代溴甲烷;阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸和美贝霉素被认为是有效防治松材线虫病的药物,允许用于树干注射;阿维菌素和美贝霉素已经被批准使用,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸则被标记为"暂时未定",可以限时使用。

Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode Bur- saphelenchus xylophilus, was first reported in Portugal in 1999. Since its detection in Portugal the direct control against pine wood nematode has been done mainly by heat treatment （HT）, fumigation with methyl bromide （MB） as well as removing and burning the affected trees. Recently, a new official publication referring to the Heat Treatment Control Measures defined the requirements in order to certify the control against B. xylophilus in softwood sawn timber, pallets and other packages.