试论西汉社会发展模式的建构——董仲舒的“理想国”蓝图

Construction of the Social Development Pattern of West Han Dynasty——On Dong Zhongshu's Utopia

西汉时期的儒家学者董仲舒为统治者构建了理想社会的发展模式,以天道理论作为社会发展的依据,从"天之仁"的观念引发德政思想,从而以德主刑辅理论作为治国的基本理念,强调社会教化的关键作用,同时注重刑罚的辅助功能,以"春秋决狱"的方式将儒家伦理内化为自觉的司法实践,从而构建了完整的社会控制网络。理想国中的君王应当成为社会的道德典型,以身作则,臣民则应当服从教化,严守"三纲五常",成为社会稳定的重要力量。董仲舒所构建的中国封建社会理想王国中所体现的道德伦理规范体系,对后世影响深远。

Dong Zhongshu,a Confucian scholar in West Han Dynasty,constructs the ideal social development pattern for rulers.The pattern,based on the Theory of Tiandao,educes the benevolent rule from the notion of humanity and gives priority to morality instead of penalty,with a focus on cultivation and penalty as auxiliary.Confucian ethics get into the judicature by means of ＂following the Spring and Autumn trial＂,and hence constructs an integrated social control network.In Dong＇s Utopia,the ruler should be a moral model;people should comply with the cultivation and obey the three Cardinal Guides and the Five Constant virtues;people are the source of social stability.This system of moral and ethic regulations constructed by Dong Zhongshu has had a very profound impact on the future generations.