从认知语言学角度分析“床”的英汉语义

The Meaning of "Bed"and "Chuang":from the Cognitive Perspective

以原型范畴理论和隐喻认知机制为基础,分析对比英文"bed"和中文"床"的语义,发现该词的义项在两种语言中基本一致,是人类认知共性的反映和体现。其词义演变方式呈辐射和连锁相交叉的趋势,而且各义项以隐喻方式为主要纽带,在语言的使用过程中其原型意义通过隐喻性认知产生出了新的含义,组成了一张复杂的语义网。该基本范畴词的多项语义分布揭示了人类认知水平的不断提高,以及中西文化存在的异同之处。

Based on the prototype and categorization theory and metaphorical cognitive mechanism,the meanings of ＂bed＂ and ＂chuang＂ in Chinese are analyzed and compared.It is concluded that the distributions of their sense groups are essentially similar and truly reflect the similarities of human＇s cognition.Their sense groups extend in a way combining both radiation and concatenation.Some new senses emerge from the prototype meaning and form a complex polysemy network via metaphor.The distributions of the sense groups in the basic categorization reveal the consistent improvement of human＇s cognitive ability as well as the similarities and differences between east and west culture.