毒蕈中毒的临床表现、治疗及预后

Clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis on mushroom poisoning

目的探讨毒蕈中毒的临床表现、治疗与预后关系。方法对１２例急性毒蕈中毒患者进行回顾性临床分析。结果临床表现为：胃肠炎型；神经精神型；肝损害型（内脏损害型）。各临床类型均首先有胃肠道症状，脏器严重损害可在“假愈期”后出现。结论因无特效解毒剂，及早洗胃彻底清除毒物是救治关键。胃肠炎型和神经精神型对症治疗，预后好。肝损害型如导致多脏器损害，预后差。腹膜透析对毒蕈所致急性肾衰有良好治疗效果。

Objective To discuss the relationship of clinical manifestations and treatment to prognosis in mushroom poisoning. Methods Retrospectively analysing 12 cases of acute mushroom poisoning. Results The types of clinical manifestations consist of gastroenteritis type; neuropsychosis type; hepatodamage type (viscerodamage type). Gastroenteric symptoms are primary findings common to all clinical types. Serious viscerodamages usually emerge after“pseudo remission.” Conclusion Owing to not having specific toxicide, the crucial treatment is gastrolavage as soon as possible to eliminate the toxincants thoroughly. The gastroenteritis and the neuropsychosis types usually carry favourable prognosis by way of symptomatic therapies. If multiple organs were damaged in hepatodamage type, a poor prognosis could be carried. Peritoneal dialysis achives a good effect on acute renal failure caused by mushroom poisoning.