秸秆氨化技术及设备在我国的发展

A Survey of Straw Ammonia Treating Equipment in China

秸秆经过氨化处理可以提高消化率和适口性,增加粗蛋白氮,使之达到中等青干草的营养水平。我国从1980年开始推广秸秆氨化技术,主要采用塑料薄膜进行密封的堆垛法,以尿素和液氨为氨源。根据加温能提高氨化速度的原理,又发展了土建式和集装箱式氨化炉克服了堆垛法冬季不能氨化的缺点,经济上也是合算的。我国化肥厂家多,氨源充足,在设备上已具备了液氨槽车、贮罐和现场用的钢瓶的生产能力。今后有待解决二次灌注泵和流量表等技术环节。

Treating straw with ammonia can increase its digestibility and appetizing nature,double the crude protein,upgrade straw to middle nutrition level of hay.China started ammonia treating straw in 1980.Stack method is the main method.The stack is sealed by plastic film.The urea and anhydr- ous ammonia are two main ammoniation resources.According to the principle of quicker reaction at higher temperature,a building type oven and a contai- ner type oven are developed,which can treat straw in winter,and is econo- mical.There are many fertilizer factories in China.Ammonia resources are plentiful.China can produce anhydrous ammonia equipment including tank truck,storage tank and steel battle which is used on site injection.The refill pump and the volume meter need to be developed in future.