新中国海洋开发政策的历史考察

Historical Survey of Marine Exploration Policies in the People's Republic of China

新中国海洋开发政策的确立和发展是一个逐步演进的过程。改革开放前,是新中国海洋开发政策的准备时期,这一时期海洋观念和海洋政策主要侧重于海防方面;改革开放至二十世纪末,是国家海洋开发政策基本形成时期,这一时期逐步形成了统筹海洋开发和整治、资源开发和环境保护、科学技术研究和开发等较为全面的政策体系;21世纪,是国家海洋开发政策迈向强国战略的科学发展新时期,这一时期围绕贯彻落实"实施海洋开发"和"发展海洋产业"战略部署海洋开发政策,从而更加科学、健全。我国海洋开发政策的不断完善,既是国内建设和国际形势发展的内在要求,也是不断解放思想、转变传统海洋观念和发展理念的必然结果。

The establishment of marine exploration policies in the People＇s Republic of China has undergone a gradual process of evolution.The period before the ＂reform and opening up＂is the preparation stage for the marine exploration policies,and in that period,the marine idea and marine policy focused on ocean defense;the period from the ＂reform and opening up＂to the end of 20th century is the formation stage of the marine exploration policies,and in that period,the comprehensive marine exploration systeme stablished which includes marine resource exploration,marine environment protection,marine technology research,ect;the 21st century is the scientific development stage for the marine exploration policy,and in this period,the core of marine policy is marine exploration and marine industry development.The constant improvement of marine exploration policy is not only the essential requirement of domestic construction and internal situations but also the result of liberating ideas and converting marine concept.