新烟碱类等杀虫剂对葱蝇的毒力及其对生长发育和繁殖的影响

Toxicity and effects on the growth,development and reproduction of neonicotinoid insecticides to Delia antique(Meigen)

采用定量滴加法和浸渍法测定了8种药剂对葱蝇1龄和3龄幼虫的毒力,用噻虫胺和噻虫嗪等新烟碱类杀虫剂的亚致死浓度分别处理葱蝇1龄和3龄幼虫,观察其对葱蝇生长发育和繁殖的影响,并进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,噻虫胺和噻虫嗪对3龄幼虫4 8 h的LC50分别为14.7839mg/L和13.3055mg/L,毒力为毒死蜱的0.41倍和0.50倍。但LC30-40剂量处理葱蝇3龄幼虫后,第6天存活幼虫体重分别较对照降低35.47%和36.34%,幼虫发育历期延长3.68天和3.98天,化蛹率降低71.91%和78.65%,雌蛹重降低13.36%和14.72%,雄蛹重降低15.97%和18.32%,羽化率降低12.50%和17.86%,单雌产卵量降低47.71%和51.68%。噻虫胺和噻虫嗪处理1龄幼虫,对其生长发育也有显著不利影响。田间药效试验结果显示,1 200 g/hm2噻虫胺和噻虫嗪处理后7天防效分别达98.16%和92.46%,表明这两种药剂对葱蝇防治效果高、推广应用价值大。

The toxicity of 8 kinds of insecticides to 1st and 3rd instars of Delia antiqua larvae was detected using the dripping ration liquid and dipping methods.Effects to development and adult fecundity of D.antique were studied by treating the 1st and 3rd larvae of onion maggot with LC30-40 concentration of clothianidin,thiamethoxam and other insecticides.The field experiments were also treated.The results showed that LC50 of clothianidin and thiamethoxam to the 3rd instar larvae was 14.7839 mg/L and 13.3055 mg/L,it is only 0.41 and 0.50 times those of chlorpyrifos,respectively.When the 3rd instars were treated by LC30-40 concentration,compared to control,surviving larvae weight reduced by 35.47% and 36.34% at six days treated,larval developmental period prolonged 3.68 and 3.98 days,pupation rate reduced by 71.91% and 78.65%,female pupae weight decreased by 13.36% and 14.72%,male pupae weight decreased by 15.97% and 18.32%,emergence rate reduced by 12.50% and 17.86%,eggs laid per female reduced by 47.71% and 51.68% respectively,and it showed that clothianidin and thiamethoxam had obviously adverse effects on development and adult fecundity of surviving 3rd larvae.The clothianidin and thiamethoxam had obviously adverse effects on development and adult fecundity of surviving 1st larvae.The clothianidin and thiamethoxam have excellent effectiveness to the larvae of D.antiqua.The control effect to the larvae reached 98.16% and 92.46% in 7 days treated with 1 200 g/hm2 dose of clothianidin and thiamethoxam,respectively.Therefore,they are worth to be extending and applying in the fields.