2009,2010年襄汾旱地冬小麦生产现状分析

Analyses of Production Situation on Winter Wheat in Dry Land in Xiangfen in Years of 2009 and 2010

为了了解山西省旱地冬小麦生产现状,2009,2010年分别对山西省襄汾县150户和96户农户的旱地冬小麦生产现状进行了调查分析。结果表明:(1)该地区这2年冬小麦生产有90.67%和73.93%的农户产量低于4 000 kg/hm2,仅有9.33%和26.07%的农户产量大于4 000 kg/hm2,平均产量2009年为1 467 kg/hm2,2010年为3 366 kg/hm2,均低于我国平均水平和发达国家水平。(2)2009年氮肥用量平均为118.76 kg/hm2,2010年为146.69 kg/hm2,小于120 kg/hm2的农户分别占25.33%和53.13%,大于120 kg/hm2的农户分别占74.67%和46.87%。(3)2009年磷用量平均为62.78 kg/hm2,2010年为95.40 kg/hm2;2009年钾的平均用量为11.39 kg/hm2,2010年为55.66 kg/hm2。2009年90.00%的农户和2010年53.13%的农户磷肥用量不能满足小麦的需要,钾肥不足更严重。(4)2009年只以种肥方式一次性投入,且几乎都是化肥,有机肥只通过留茬翻压,没有施基肥和追肥。2010年有种肥、基肥和追肥,但只有1户用有机肥。(5)2年灌溉次数分别为52,138次,灌水严重不足,灌溉次数和产量呈正相关。合理施肥和灌溉是山西旱地冬小麦产量上新台阶的唯一途径。

To comprehend the production of winter wheat in dry land in Shanxi,investigations to 150 and 96 farmer households in Xiangfen,Shanxi were conducted in 2009 and 2010.Results shown： In 2009 and 2010,（1）the yields of 90.67% and 73.93% households were below 4 000 kg/hm2,and 9.33% and 26.07% households got yields greater than 4 000 kg/hm2.Both mean yields of 1 467 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 3 366 kg/hm2 in 2010 were smaller than meantime levels for China and the developed countries.（2）the mean N application was 118.76 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 146.69 kg/hm2 in 2010,and 25.33% and 53.13% households had N application below 120 kg/hm2,while 74.67% and 46.87% households greater than 120 kg/hm2.（3）the mean P and K applications were 62.78 and 11.39 kg/hm2 in 2009 and 95.4 and 55.66 kg/hm2 in 2010,so 90.00% and 53.13% of the farmer households failed to meet P demands for wheat growth in 2009,and K insufficiency was even more serious.（4）In 2009 it was only one time fertilization and almost all input was chemical fertilizer as seed fertilizer,while the organic fertilizer only treated through stubble mulch tillage without any base or top dressing manure.In 2010 though there were seed,basal and topdressing fertilizations,the fertilizers were all the chemical,except one household with the organic.（5）The irrigation frequencies were of 150 times for 2009 and 96 for 2010,so the irrigation were remarkably insufficient though it is well known that irrigation frequency is directly correlated with the crop yield.Therefore,rational fertilization and irrigation is the only way to improve yield of winter wheat in dry land in Shanxi.