中国农村基本经营制度的历史与逻辑——从家庭经营制、合作制、人民公社制到统分结合双层经营制的变迁轨迹与转换关联

The History and Logic of Basic Management System of Chinese Countryside

中国农村基本经营制度的变迁,经历了从家庭经营制、合作制、人民公社制到统分结合双层经营制的演变过程。这既有强制性变迁过程,也有诱致性变迁因素。进一步考察,不难发现,1978年以前的变迁是"由分到合"的"强制合作"过程;而改革开放后的转换则是兼顾统分、以市场化为取向。但中国农村历史发展和现实要求,共同催生了"以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经体制"的当代中国农村基本经营制度的诞生。中国农村基本经营制度的变迁形式既体现政治和社会的变革过程,也蕴含着一定的关联。从历史和逻辑的角度,理解和把握其中的变迁轨迹和各种形式之间的转换关联,将有助于进一步稳定和完善中国农村基本经营制度。

The vicissitude of basic management system of Chinese countryside experienced from the household operating system,the cooperative system,the people commune system to the double-layer system that combines integration and disintegration.This is not only mandatory change process,but also induced resistance change factor.Further investigation,not difficult to find the changes before 1978 is 'compulsory cooperation' process of 'to integration from disintegration';the conversion system after the reform and opening up is balanced integration and disintegration and takes the marketability as an orientation.But the historical development and reality requirements together gave birth to the 'the double-layer system that combines integration and disintegration based on household contract operating'.The vicissitude of basic management system of Chinese countryside not only reflects political and social change process,but also contains some of the association.From the perspective of history and logic,to understand and grasp the transitional track and converting association among various forms of association will help to further stabilize and improve the basic management system of Chinese countryside.