进步论与多元论:章太炎的文化思想

Progressivism and Pluralism: Zhang Taiyan's Cultural Thought

以古文经学为背景,以佛学与庄子为理据,章太炎早在20世纪初就以"俱分进化论"质疑黑格尔的进步论,以庄子的"齐物论"质疑"公理"论,对作为现代性基础的进化/进步论提出全面批判。章太炎的多元文化主张伸张了个体和特殊的权利和价值,但在合理地反对社会压制个人、反对"文明"压制"野蛮",要求个性解放、社会/文化平等的同时,又走向绝对的个人主义和虚无主义,这同样是不可取的。

With the ancient traditional Confucian classics as background and based on Buddhism and Zhuangzi, at the beginning of the 20th Century, Zhang Taiyan has criticized thoroughly the basis of evolutionism or progressivism of modernity. Zhang questioned Hegel＇s progressivism with two-way evolution, and questioned the right theory with Equality of Things by Zhuangzi. Zhang＇s proposal of plural culture emphasizes individual＇s special rights and values. He opposes the suppression of individual by society, the suppression of barbarism by civilization, and calls for individual emancipation and equality in society and culture. But meanwhile, Zhang goes to the extreme of absolute individualism and nihilism, which is also unadvisable.