动产浮动抵押的风险及防范对策

On the Risks and Defenses about Floating Charge of Movable Property

为促进融资、发展经济,尤其是解决中小企业和农户的发展资金瓶颈问题,我国《物权法》创设了动产浮动抵押制度,但该制度也有其固有缺陷。我国动产浮动抵押的风险,主要表现在抵押标的物容易出现恶意流动、形态易转化、难以封存及担保效力不高。为防范上述风险,文章提出了具体的应对措施,包括:明确"正常经营活动"和"合理价款"的内涵、赋予动产浮动抵押权人汇报、质疑、变更以及保全的权利、通过限制性条款来合理限制动产浮动抵押权人的自由处分权、确立动产浮动抵押的财产管理人制度并健全社会信用体系。

For promoting the development of finance and economy,the property law of China creates a system of floating charge of movable property.But the existing simple provisions have brought a lot of doubts to the implementation.This paper analyzes the risks of movable floating charge： the mortgage subject matter is easy to move for evil intentions;the shape is easy to transform;and it is difficult to guarantee the effectiveness of storage.To guard against these risks,the article puts forward specific measures,including clearing the connotation of ＂normal operations＂ and ＂reasonable price＂,giving the mortgagee the right of report,question,change as well as preserve,limiting the mortgagee＇s free disposition right through the restrictive provision,and establishing the supervisor system of chattel floating charge,and perfecting social credit system.