小麦未成熟胚胎离体培养无性变异研究

Somaclonal Variation in Wheat Regenerated from Immature Embryos In Vitro

用小麦未成熟胚离体下发芽成苗，越夏后移植于大田，观察 Ｒ２ 代性状变异情况。结果表明，品种典型特征特性，质量性状，未发生质的改变，研究的 ４ 个数量性状（株高、穗长、小穗数和千粒重）出现统计上 ５％ 显著变异。说明未成熟胚胎，离体下培养 ３～４ 个培养周期，其基本种性不会改变，即质量性状基因不产生特殊无性变异，但数量性状的微效基因则可能出现一定的变异。

Observing some important qualitative characters and 4 qantitative characters (plant height, length of ear, spikes per ear and 1000 grains weight) of wheat variety 'bai-nong 8720' plant lines in R2 generation raised from R1 plants regenerated from immatured embryos germinated and grow over 150 days in vitro, we found that no special variation occurred in the qualitative characters, but there was 5% level difference between treated group and control group. Further analysis found that the difference comes from the variation of plant height and spikes per ear. This result means that there was some special somaclonal variations occurred in quantitative characters during cultured in vitro as compared with grow in soil. These results suggests that even if immature embers, when cultured in vitro, generally, the variety characteristics would not be changed, but some miner genes would possibly bring about any random variation.