多相混输管道蜡沉积研究进展

Research progress of wax deposition in multiphase mixed transmission pipeline

海底管道蜡沉积已成为石油工业面临的一个严峻的流动安全保障问题。系统阐述了国内外蜡沉积的研究成果,着重分析了有关多相流动蜡沉积机理、多相流动蜡沉积实验装置和多相流动蜡沉积动力学模型的研究进展。阐述了建立在"剪切剥离"作用基础上的"老化"蜡沉积机理;介绍了冷板实验、冷指实验、旋转圆盘实验和环道实验装置,着重分析了环道实验装置的优缺点;介绍了Singh模型和Hernandez模型,在其基础上对油气和油水两相蜡沉积动力学模型进行了描述。根据多相蜡沉积的研究现状,提出多相管流蜡沉积问题的研究应从蜡沉积机理入手,通过实验寻求多相混输过程中影响蜡沉积行为的关键因素,并结合多相流动的规律,建立不同流型下的蜡沉积物理模型。

The wax deposition of submarine pipe is obviously a severe fluidity security problem.The paper reviews the previous investigation results in which the mechanism of multiphase flow wax deposition,experiment apparatus and dynamic models are analyzed,and illustrates the mechanism of aged wax deposition which relies on 'shear disbonding' function.A couple of experiment setups are introduced including cold plate test,cold finger test,rotating round plate test and loop test,in which the pros and cons of loop test is specifically introduced.The Singh model and Hernandez model are also listed,and based on the two models,the dynamic model is illustrated with regard to both the oil/gas and oil/water wax deposition.Combined with the multiphase flow laws,the paper presents that the study of multiphase flow wax deposition problem should start from the investigation of its mechanism to seek the key factor of affecting the wax deposition process through experiment and to establish the physical model for wax deposition of considering different flow patterns.