转植酸酶基因玉米的研究与安全评价

Research Progress and Safety Evaluation of Phytase Transgenic Maize

植酸酶是应用最广泛的饲料添加剂之一,它在自然界中广泛存在,能提高饲料中磷的利用率,对减轻动物高磷粪便导致的环境水域污染有着重要意义。玉米是动物饲料的主要原料,在玉米饲料中添加植酸酶易造成饲料成本升高和生产效率降低等问题。近年来随着基因工程技术的发展,已克隆出多个真菌植酸酶基因,并成功在微生物、植物系统中表达。本文主要介绍了植酸酶基因的微生物来源与相关研究成果,阐述了转基因技术的常用方法和转植酸酶基因玉米的研究进展,并详细评价了转植酸酶基因玉米的安全性。通过对转植酸酶基因玉米的深入探讨,对改善玉米的品质,降低成本及推广植酸酶在饲料工业中的应用具有重要意义。

Phytase is one of most widespread feed additives,which exists widely in nature.It can enhance the phosphorus andmineral absorption in monogastric animals,and it is significant for reducing the level of phosphorus output in nature.Maize is the major ingredient of animal feed,and it may enhance cost or reduce efficiency to maize by adding phytase.Recently,with the development of gene engineering technique,many phytase genes from fungus have been cloned and successfully expressed in the microorganisms and plants.In this review,we mainly introduced the microorganism resource of phytase gene and the relative investigation achievements,expounded the methods of transgenic technology and the research progress of the transgenic maize plants expressing phytase gene.Further,we also evaluated the safety of phytase transgenic maize.According to this article,we hope that it would improve the quality of maize,reduce the cost of production and promote the application of phytase in feed industry in the future.