厌氧除磷菌的富集及功能菌组成研究

Enrichment and Composition Analysis of Anaerobic Dephosphorization Bacteria

[目的]富集厌氧除磷菌,并对功能菌的组成进行研究。[方法]利用厌氧连续流反应器,以养殖场新鲜鸡粪为种泥,控制和保持反应器内ORP为-337～-230 mV,pH 6～7,温度30～35℃,富集厌氧除磷功能菌。跟踪监测反应器进出水的总磷(TP)、磷酸盐(PO43--P)和氨氮(NH2-N)去除率。当TP的去除率达到60.89%时,取样进行PCR-DGGE分析,用MEGA 4.0软件构建系统进化树。[结果]鸡粪在反应器中连续培养140 d后,TP的去除率平均达到39.86%,大大高于文献报道的24.19%,PO43--P去除率平均达到40.82%,NH3-N的去除率平均达到34.39%;NH3-N与TP的去除率之间存在一定的相关性,厌氧条件下可达到同时脱氮(去除氨氮)除磷(还原磷酸生成磷化氢)的效果;通过对样品的PCR-DGGE分析和进化树分析,获得一种具发酵功能的乳球菌属(Lactoccus)和一种具有发酵、固氮和厌氧除磷功能的梭菌属(Clostridium)。[结论]该研究可为厌氧除磷机理提供理论依据。

[Objective] The paper aims to enrich the anaerobic dephosphorization bacteria,and study its components.[Method] A continuous stirred flow incubating reactor and the fresh chicken manure were used to enrich the functional anaerobic dephosphorization bacteria.The ORP was controlled and kept between-337——230 mV,pH was between 6-7 and the temperature between 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ in the reactor during the enrichment process.The removal rates of TP（Total Phosphorus）,PO43——P and NH3-N of the reactor were monitored regularly.When the removal rate of TP reached 60.89%,the sample of the sludge was analyzed by PCR-DGGE method,and the phylogenetic tree of the bacteria was built by using MEGA 4.0 software.[Results] When the chicken manure was cultivated for 140 days,the average removal rate of TP reached 39.86%,which was much higher than 24.19% that reported by other studies.Meanwhile,the removal rate of PO43——P reached 40.82%,and that of NH3-N reached 34.39%.There was correlation existing in the removal rates of NH3-N and TP,which could remove the nitrogen（NH3-N） and the phosphor（reducing phosphate into PH3） at the same time under the anaerobic condition.By analyzing the sample of the sludge using PCR-DGGE method and the phylogenetic trees,two kinds of bacteria were obtained,one is Lactococcus with fermentation function,the other is Clostridium with function of fermentation,nitrogen fixation and anaerobic dephosphorization.[Conclusion]The study can provide the theoretical basis for the anaerobic dephosphorization mechanism.