河北省海域贝类养殖区生态环境质量评价研究

Study on Assessment of the Environmental Quality of Marine Shellfish Culture Areas in Hebei Province

[目的]加强贝类养殖环境的保护,保障水产食品的卫生安全。[方法]根据2009年10月同步进行河北省海域贝类养殖区海水、沉积物和养殖贝类质量的调查资料,采用海水质量评价指数、表层沉积物质量评价指数和养殖贝类质量评价指数以及贝类养殖生态环境质量综合评价对河北省海域贝类养殖生态环境质量进行了综合评价。[结果]海水质量、表层沉积物质量和养殖贝类质量水平平均为2级、5级和4级,总体分别处于较好、差和较差水平,贝类养殖区生态环境质量平均为3级,总体处于一般水平,其主要污染物为PO43-、DIN、大肠菌群,同时不同养殖区生态环境质量差异明显,其中浅海养殖区生态环境质量较好,为1类区,适合养殖贝类;潮间带养殖区生态环境质量较差,为3类区,不适合贝类养殖。[结论]除浅海养殖区外,河北省海域贝类养殖区生态环境亟待改良。

[Objective] The aim was to enhance the protection of the shellfish culture environment,and guarantee the safety of the aquatic products.[Method] According to the data of environmental survey on the seawater,surface sediments and shellfish quality of the shellfish culture areas of Hebei Province ocean in October,2009,the eco-environmental quality of shellfish culture areas was assessed by seawater quality index method,surface sediment quality index method,culture shellfish quality index method and shellfish culture eco-environmental quality synthesis assessment index method.The results showed that the average quality levels of seawater,surface sediment and cultured shellfish were grade 2,grade 5 and grade 4,staying respectively at the good,bad and worse levels,and the shellfish-culture eco-environmental quality was at a regular level of grade 3.The major contaminants were 、DIN and coliforms.The eco-environmental quality,differed greatly in different shellfish-culture areas and the eco-environmental quality of shellfish-culture areas in shallow sea was better,belonging to the first class and suitable for shellfish-culture;the eco-environmental quality of shellfish-culture areas in tidal zone was relatively poor,belonging to the third class and unsuitable for shellfish-culture.