蔬菜废弃物沤肥在油菜上应用的产量、品质及氮素效应

The Application of Vegetable Waste Water-loggedcompost on the Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Effects of the Rapeseed

利用盆栽试验研究和比较了蔬菜废弃物沤肥和化肥对油菜的产量、硝酸盐含量以及氮素效应的影响。试验设计了空白(CK)、不同肥料种类和施氮量梯度的处理,共14个处理。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,施用沤肥的处理产量先增加后降低,在施氮量为每盆0.859g的时候,产量达到最高,施用化肥的处理油菜产量呈直线上升趋势;施用沤肥的处理硝酸盐含量均低于安全浓度,而化肥处理则随着施氮量的增加,硝酸盐含量逐渐上升,并超过安全浓度;相同施氮量的情况下,沤肥在低施氮量时,氮素利用率和有机肥矿化率高于化肥,高施氮量时,化肥高于沤肥;施用沤肥不会引起土壤中的硝态氮含量明显变化,而化肥则有导致土壤硝态氮含量升高的风险。因此,蔬菜废弃物沤肥能够完全替代化肥。

A pot experiment was conducted to study and compare the effects of vegetable waste water-loggedcompost on rapeseed＇s yields,quality and nitrogen effects.14 treatments were carried out：without fertilizer（CK）and different fertilizers and nitrogen gradient treatments.The research results showed that：with the increase of N application,the yields of treatments which applied vegetable waste water-loggedcompost at first increased,then decreased and the yields reached the highest in N application for 0.859 g per pot,and the rapeseed yields of treatments which applied chemical fertilizer treatments had a sharply rising trend;The nitrate content of the treatments which used vegetable waste water-loggedcompost were below safe concentration,but that of fertilizer treatments rose gradually and over security concentration with the increase of nitrogen;The nitrogen utilization and organic fertilizer mineralization rate of vegetable waste water-loggedcompost were higher than those of fertilizer at the same low amount of N application,howerer,the opposite effect would draw when the author put in quantity and high nitrogen;Application of vegetable waste water-loggedcompost didn＇t cause NO3--N obviously changed in the soil,but fertilizers were lead to risk of increase of soil NO3--N content.Therefore,vegetable waste water-loggedcompost can completely replace chemical fertilizers.