农田水利技术发展回顾与展望

Review the Development of Irrigation and Drainage Techniques and Prospect for Future

农田水利在我国有着悠久的历史。中华人民共和国成立后，国家把水利作为农业的命脉和国民经济的基础设施给予高度重视，农田水利事业得到了快速发展。５０ 年来，农田水利建设取得巨大成效的原因之一，就是依靠科技进步，推广科学技术。对农田水利发展意义重大、应用较广泛的技术大致有５ 个方面：①机电排灌技术；②农田水利规划与水土资源综合开发治理技术；③渠道防渗、管道输水技术；④农田水利机械化施工技术；⑤有压供水灌溉技术。节水灌溉技术的大部分内容也分别包含在上述几个方面之中。下世纪农村水利面临新的机遇和挑战，在相当长的时期内，农田水利技术进步将以高效用水为中心，围绕提高水的有效利用率、水分生产率、单位水量的效益等方面的综合技术，旧灌区的更新改造技术，提高农田水利作业效率和劳动生产率的综合技术，改善农村水环境、促进水资源可持续利用和农业可持续发展的综合技术、信息技术和灌排装备生产制造技术等方面来开展。加快农田水利技术进步与创新要各方协作。

China has long history of irrigation and drainage. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, State attaches great importance to irrigation and considers that irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture and the basis of national economy, so the irrigation and drainage are developed rapidly. Rely on the progress of scientific technology and dissemination of scientific techniques is the main reason for obtains the remarkable results in past 50 years. The most important and popularized techniques are as follows: (1) pumping drainage and irrigation techniques,(2)irrigation and drainage planning, and comprehensive development techniques of soil and water resources,(3)techniques of canal seepage control and pipe system for water conveyance, (4) techniques of mechanization of construction for irrigation and drainage works,(5)techniques of pressurized irrigation. Most of the water saving irrigation techniques is also included in the above-mentioned items. The rural water conservancy work is facing new opportunities and challenges in the next century. The high-efficiency water use will be the center of scientific progress in a quite long period of time. Around this center, it needs to develop the comprehensive techniques for raising water use efficiency, water productivity and benefits per cubic meter of water as well as to develop the techniques for rehabilitation of the old irrigation district, and the comprehensive techniques for raising the labour productivity and operation efficiencies. Besides, it is important to improve rural water environment, to promote the sustainable use of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture. It also needs to develop the information techniques, and the techniques of production of equipment for irrigation and drainage. At last, the paper emphasizes that to speed up the scientific progress and innovation need cooperation by all walks of life and stress for practical effectiveness. [