工伤救济先行给付与代位求偿制度探微——兼评《社会保险法》工伤保险基金先行支付制度的得与失

Advance Payment and Subrogation in Workers' Compensation:Relevant Provisions in the Social Security Act

先行给付与代位求偿是保险法上的通例,《社会保险法》第41、42条涉及该通例并规定为工伤保险基金先行支付制度。先行支付制度包括垫付性先行支付和保险性先行支付,也称为用人单位未依法缴纳工伤保险费型先行支付和由于第三人的原因造成工伤型先行支付。在社保强制性不足的背景下,该制度设计有着明显的缺陷,鉴于其积极的人本价值和宽容的制度理性,不宜弱化先行支付制度之实施,应当通过完善社保强制性、加大违法成本、强化惩戒措施来保证该制度的有效实施。

Advance payment and subrogation,a common practice in insurance law,is set forth in the Articles 41 and 42 of the Social Security Act of the People＇s Republic of China,which in the Act is divided into repayable and indemnity ones,called also as ＂advance payment where the employer failed to contribute insurance premium＂ and ＂advance payment where the injury is caused due to the third party＇s liability.＂ Under the circumstances that workers＇ insurance cannot be effectuated compulsorily,the relevant provisions in the Act betray explicitly some defects.Given its positive human values and tolerance rationality,advance payment should be more positively effectuated by ways of ensuring a compulsory insurance and imposing more serious punishment so as to raise the cost of law violation.