民事法官能动性:权利保障与权力回应——兼析规则与法官能动性共生的民事司法模式之构建

Judges' Activism in Civil Litigation:Protection of Rights and Exertion of Authority

民事法官所享有的依法合理解释、平衡、选择法律以及填补法律缺漏的特有能动性是两大法系国家的一致选择。审视我国法官能动性所经历的严苛限制、悄然使之到日益凸显的过程,揭示了处于经验层面的法官能动性的失范现象及其主要根源。为确保法官能动性应有功效的发挥,我们应着力从核心理念、追求目标、基本原则、明析规则、技术规范和配套措施等方面构建具有中国特色的法律规则与法官能动性共生的民事司法运作模式,以强调法律解释和辩证推理等司法技术在解决法律确定性弱化问题的功用时,克服逻辑推演的局限性,实现民事诉讼之目的。

While deciding a civil case,the judge has discretion in construing,coordinating and selecting laws,and can even positively fill a legal gap,which is common both in the continental law and common law countries.In terms of the great restriction on judges＇ discretion in China,one cannot avoid saying it is abnormal and its cause should be fathomed.To ensure judges＇ activism,a civil litigation trial mode with Chinese characteristics should be invented of which the core ideas,objects,basic principles,explicit rules,technique norms and supplementary measures are to be well considered.While stressing the function of legal interpretation and dialectical reasoning in solving uncertainty of laws,one should exceed the limitation of logic inference so as to attain the object of civil litigation.