城市生活垃圾典型组分的热解动力学模型研究

Thermal decomposition kinetics model of the representative composition of municipal solid waste

对城市生活垃圾中的典型组分进行热重特性试验，根据热失重曲线得出了反应力学参数及反应速率控制方程，进而提出了一个通用的反应速率函数式，提出热解指数这个指标来表征垃圾的热解特性．结果表明：１垃圾组分中，塑料、橡胶、植物类厨余热解符合三段模型，其余组分符合二段热解模型，在不同的温度范围内，热解的反应机理是不同的，且反应动力学参数也不相同．２同一种组分，影响其反应速率的主要因素是反应动力学常数，升温速率改变时，反应速率方程中的函数式并不改变，改变的只是反应动力学常数．３在加热速率相同的情况下，塑料最容易热解，提高加热速率。

The thermal decomposition kinetics parameters and the controlling equations of the composition of solid waste was derived through solid waster thermal gravimetric analysis of nine representative compositions of solid waste. A general thermal decomposition rate equation was deduced, and the thermal decomposition characteristics of the solid waste composition were described by using thermal decomposition index. The results show that (1) the thermal decomposition mechanism and the reaction kinetics parameter are different from each other within the certain range of temperature. Three compositions of the solid waste, plastics, rubber, and vegetal kitchen trash, conform with a three\|stage model, while the other compositions with a two\|stage model; (2) the main factors affecting the reaction rate are reaction kinetics parameters, while heating rate (<50?℃/min) does not change the reaction rate equation but changes the reaction kinetics parameters; (3) it is most easy for plastics to be decomposed and increasing heating rate is helpful for thermal decomposition.