模拟降雨条件下3种类型土壤氮磷钾养分流失量的比较

Comparison of Loss Amount of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in Three Types of Soil under Simulated Rainfall

通过模拟降雨试验方法,研究比较了褐土、棕壤与红壤氮磷钾养分流失量。结果表明：在模拟降雨条件下,3种类型土壤中褐土径流量及产沙量最小,红壤最大;土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾养分随径流流失量占到流失总量的77.27%~99.79%,径流是土壤养分流失的主要驱动力;红壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾养分流失总量最大,褐土最小,棕壤与褐土相比高出4.70%~41.01%,比红壤减少0.30%~17.69%。土壤类型及性质不同使土壤养分流失量存在根本差异,有效地改良土壤,控制及减少径流与泥沙流失是防治土壤养分流失的关键。

Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to compare the amount of nutrient loss in the cinnamon soil,brown soil and red soil.The results showed that the runoff and sediment yield of the cinnamon soil were the least and the red soil was the biggest in the three types of soil under the conditions of rainfall simulation.The loss amount of total nitrogen and available phosphorus and potassium in soil carried by runoff accounted for the loss of total amount 77.27%~99.79%.Runoff was the main driving force of soil erosion.The loss amount of total nitrogen and available phosphorus and potassium in the red soil was the biggest while the cinnamon soil was the least.Compared with cinnamon soil and red soil,the amount of nutrient losses in the brown soil increased by 4.70%~41.01% and decreased by 0.30%~21.49% respectively.Because of different types and properties of soil,there exists fundamental difference in the nutrient losses of different soils.Improving soil and reducing runoff and sediment erosion are the keys to prevent soil nutrient losses.