露天鸡粪好氧堆肥氮素的径流及淋洗损失

Nitrogen Loss in Chicken Manure Compost through Runoff and Leaching

在露天自然条件下对鸡粪进行好氧堆肥,系统研究了堆肥过程中氮素的径流和淋洗损失。结果表明,堆肥期间通过径流损失的氮素只占初始堆肥氮素的3‰~6‰,其中无机氮与有机氮约各占50%,径流中总氮浓度在不同时间和降雨量条件下差异较大,浓度平均在20 mg/L左右;氮素表现出很强的空间移动性,堆肥期间氮素至少能够迁移至150 cm土层,对当地地下水安全构成了严重威胁;堆肥过程中可能有35%~65%的氮素会通过氨挥发损失;用秸秆覆盖堆体能显著降低堆肥氮素的径流损失,而添加沸石减少堆肥氮素损失的效果不显著。

Chicken manure was composted in open windrow to understand the losses of nitrogen（N） through runoff and leaching.During the composting process,only 3‰~6‰ of initial nitrogen was lost through runoff,in which about 50% was organic nitrogen.The volume of total nitrogen concentration of runoff was related to the time and precipitation,and the average level is about 20 mg/L.The nitrogen had a strong mobility and leached to 150 cm soil at least during composting,which was a danger to the groundwater quality.During the composting there maybe 35%~65% of nitrogen was lost by NH3 volatilization.The compost covered by straw had the least nitrogen runoff,while the zeolite did not reduce the loss of nitrogen significantly compared to other treatments.