大兴安岭山地樟子松天然林土壤水分物理性质及水源涵养功能研究

Research on Physical Properties of Soil Moisture and Water Conservation of Scotch Pine Forest in Da Xing'an Mountains

对大兴安岭山地樟子松天然林土壤水分物理性质及水源涵养能力进行研究,结果表明,0-20 cm土层土壤含水量、土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、枯落物蓄积量和蓄水量均表现为：坡下〉坡中〉坡上,土壤含水量变化范围为278.71~377.98 g/kg,平均值为327.67 g/kg;整个坡面土壤毛管孔隙和总孔隙度平均值分别为29.08%和53.15%;枯落物蓄积量和最大蓄水量分别为16.72,53.24 t/hm2。0-20 cm土层土壤容重随坡位降低有减小趋势,其平均值为0.84 g/cm3。土壤非毛管孔隙、土壤毛管蓄水量、有效蓄水量、最大蓄水量均表现为：坡下〉坡上〉坡中。整个坡面平均毛管蓄水量、有效蓄水量和最大蓄水量分别为625.90,499.05,1 130.29 t/hm2。樟子松天然林林地蓄水能力也表现为：坡下〉坡上〉坡中,坡下为1 358.51 t/hm2,坡上为1 102.09 t/hm2,坡中为1 058.85 t/hm2,平均蓄水量为1 183.54 t/hm2。由此可见,山地樟子松天然林蓄水能力受坡度和坡位影响较大。

Physical properties of soil moisture and water conservation of scotch pine forest was studied in Da Xing＇an Mountains.The results showed that,soil moisture,soil capillary porosity,total porosity,the amount of litter accumulation and water storage of 0-20 cm soil layer were as follows： lower slopemiddle slopeupslope,soil moisture ranged from 278.71 g/kg to 377.98 g/kg,with an average of 327.67 g/kg;the average of soil capillary porosity and total porosity for the whole slope were 29.08% and 53.15% respectively;the amount of litter accumulation and the maximum storage capacity were 16.72 t/hm2,and 53.24 t/hm2.Bulk density of 0-20 cm soil layer decreased with the slope descending,averaged as 0.84 g/cm3.Soil non-capillary porosity,soil capillary water storage,effective water storage,maximum water storage were as follows： lower slopeupslopemiddle slope.The average of capillary water storage,the effective water storage and the maximum water storage were 625.90 t/hm2,499.05 t/hm2 and 1 130.29 t/hm2,respectively.Water storage capacity of scotch pine natural forests was in line with： lower slopeupslopemiddle slope,with lower slope as 1 358.51 t/hm2,the middle slope as 1 102.09 t/hm2,upslope as 1 058.85 t/hm2,and the average water storage was 1 183.54 t/hm2.Therefore,water storage capacity of scotch pine natural forest was significantly affected by the slope gradient and the slope position.