闽北不同类型毛竹林水源涵养功能研究

Water Conservation Function of Different Tapes Phyllostachys edulis Forests in Northern Fujian Province

以中亚热带杉木纯林(Ⅰ)和常绿阔叶林(Ⅴ)为对照,对闽北地区竹杉混交林(Ⅱ)、毛竹纯林(Ⅲ)、竹阔混交林(Ⅳ)3种不同类型毛竹林的林冠层截留、枯落物持水性能、土壤渗透性能及蓄水能力进行了研究。结果表明,各林分林冠截留率排序为Ⅴ(31.33%)>Ⅱ(28.17%)>Ⅳ(23.48%)>Ⅲ(22.88%)>Ⅰ(22.29%);枯落物持水能力排序为Ⅰ(26.8 t/hm2)>Ⅴ(12.1 t/hm2)>Ⅱ(11.3 t/hm2)>Ⅳ(11.1 t/hm2)>Ⅲ(9.2 t/hm2);土壤总蓄水量大小顺序为Ⅴ(1 125.67 t/hm2)>Ⅳ(1 064.30 t/hm2)>Ⅱ(1 050.60 t/hm2)>Ⅲ(1 015.13 t/hm2)>Ⅰ(1 008.87 t/hm2);土壤渗透性优劣次序表现为Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ。并采用Topsis法对不同林分的水源涵养功能进行综合评价,水源涵养功能优劣顺序为Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ,表明常绿阔叶林的涵养水源综合能力最好,毛竹混交林优于杉木纯林,而毛竹纯林最差。

In order to evaluate the service function in water preserving capability of the different tapes Phyllostachys edulis forests,the canopy precipitation interception,litter layer water-holding capacity,soil infiltration characteristics and water holding capacity of three typical P.edulis forests-P.edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest（Ⅱ）,P.edulis pure forest（Ⅲ） and P.edulis and broad-leaved tree mixed stands（Ⅳ） in the North of Fujian province were studied in comparison with C.lanceolata forest（Ⅰ） and evergreen broad-leaved forest（Ⅴ）.The results showed that evergreen broadleaved forests had the strongest water preserving capability,followed by bamboo and C.lanceolata mixed stands,however,the P.edulis pure plantation was the poorest.The order of the canopy interception rates in each forest wasⅤ（31.33%）Ⅱ（28.17%）Ⅳ（23.48%）Ⅲ（22.88%）Ⅰ（22.29%）;the order of litter layers＇s maximum water-holding capacity in each forest wasⅠ（26.8 t/hm2）Ⅴ（12.1 t/hm2）Ⅱ（11.3 t/hm2）Ⅳ（11.1 t/hm2）Ⅲ（9.2 t/hm2）;the order of soil saturated water retaining capacity in each forest wasⅤ（1 125.67 t/hm2）Ⅳ（1 064.30 t/hm2）Ⅱ（1 050.60 t/hm2）Ⅲ（1 015.13 t/hm2）Ⅰ（1 008.87 t/hm2）;the order of soil infiltration characteristic in each forest wasⅤⅣⅡⅠⅢ.Finally,using the method of Topsis to compare the comprehensive water conservation function of different forest,the result wasⅤⅡⅣⅠⅢ.