龙虎山丹霞地貌危岩景观成因及保护

Causes of Formation and Protection for Landscape-rockfall of Danxia Landform in Longhushan

龙虎山地处江西省东北部鹰潭市境内,据鹰潭市区10 km,是以丹霞地貌景观为特色的世界地质公园。龙虎山丹霞地貌主要以砂岩、砾岩、泥岩等岩层组成,岩壁陡峭,节理错综,发育众多外形奇特,有突出的旅游观光及美学欣赏价值的不稳定岩体,即危岩景观。龙虎山危岩景观经历了漫长的地质演变过程,是多因素耦合作用的结果,其主要影响因素有地形地貌、地层岩性、构造应力及水文地质条件以及雕蚀作用(包括流水侵蚀溶蚀、温度差异风化、微观化学风化等),其中雕蚀作用是危岩景观形成的核心要素。危岩景观保护须符合不破坏性、相近性、可逆性、无干扰性及如旧性五大原则。在分析现有危岩防治技术及危岩景观特殊性的基础上,提出吊索法保护危岩景观,即由绳索、钢索等能提供一定向上拉力,使危岩体达到要求的稳定系数的一种方法。吊索法具有适用范围广,理论计算简单,能较好提高稳定系数,施工方便,后续维修方便和易监测等诸多优点,适用于各类岩质景观的保护。

Longhushan is a large geo-park,owning the specially characteristic landscape of Danxia landform,and 10 km far from Yingtan city,which located in northeast of Jiangxi Province in China.The Danxia landscape＇s layer in Longhushan mainly make up of the rock of sandstone,conglomerate,mudstone.With steep cliffs,intricate joints,the area developed a number of peculiar shape rock with the value of prominent tourism and aesthetic appreciation,which is named landscape-rockfall.Landscape-rockfall went through a long-term revolution of geological process,and was the results of many internal and external geological actions.The main factors are topography,lithology,geological structure,hydrogeological conditions and the carved-erosion action（including erosion and dissolution,the weathering in different temperature,micro-chemical weathering）.The carved-erosion plays the core role in the process of formation.Landscape-rockfall disaster prevention ought to follows the five principles of nondestructibility,approximability,reversibility,no interference and compatibility.According to the present technology of preventing rockfall and the particularity of landscape-rockfall,the text proposed a hang-pull method that made by the rope,cable,etc.to provide some upward pull to make the unstable rock meet the required coefficient of stability.The hang-pull method has many advantages of wide application,simple theoretical calculation,better improving stability coefficient,convenient construction,easy maintenance and easy follow-up monitoring,etc,and it is suitable for protecting the rock landscape.