寒地水稻骨干亲本石狩白毛衍生品种的育成、推广及启示

The Reviews and Enlightenments on the Breeding and Popularization of Rice Variety Ishikari-shiroge Derived Ones

石狩白毛1935年在日本北海道育成,40年代初引入黑龙江省,该品种表现早熟、丰产、抗病、耐冷等广泛的适应性。各育种单位通过直接或间接利用长达35年之久,到2010年共衍生了至少6辈115个品种,衍生品种部分统计推广面积583.4万hm2,创造了巨大的经济和社会效益,是寒地水稻育种的一大奇迹。启示我们要充分认识寒地水稻育种的难度,熟悉当地的气候条件和种质资源,明确新品种的选育方向,重视外引种质资源在当地的适应性,不断向石狩白毛衍生系统添加新的基因源,对后代材料多年度、多区点进行鉴定,使得育成的品种具有更广泛的适应性。

In this paper,the Ishikari-shiroge was bred in Hokkaido Japan in 1935,and it was introduced in Heilongjiang province,the performance of early maturing varieties,high yield,disease resistance,cold tolerance and other wide ranges of adaptability in early 1940s.The breeding unit directly or indirectly used for 35 years,until 2010,at least 95 varieties of eight generations was derived from Ishikari-shiroge.The total cultivated area for these varieties were more than 5.834 million hm2.Thus huge economic and social benefits were produced by them,which is an unusual fact in the history of cold rice breeding.It shows us the revelation that： To fully understand the familiar with the local climatic conditions and resources,to clear direction for the new cultivar selection,to pay attention to the adaptation of germplasm resources in local place,and add continuously a new gene source into Ishikari-shiroge system,the evaluation of the germplasm material to future generations a multi-year,multi-zone,which provide larger adaptability to the cultivated sorts.