北京市小学生近视危险因素的两水平logistic回归分析

Analysis on risk factors of myopia among primary students in Beijing with two-level logistic regression

目的研究小学生近视患病情况的影响因素。方法采用多级整群抽样法抽取2008年北京市9个区县1年级到6年级的小学生3 852名,进行横断面调查,调查内容包括电脑验光检查和问卷调查。结果男生患近视的风险比女生低（OR=0.79,95%CI：0.68~0.90）;父母都不近视的学生患近视的风险比父母都近视的学生低（OR=0.34,95%CI：0.28~0.42）;在学习中经常主动休息的学生患近视的风险比不能主动休息的学生的低（OR=0.82,95%CI：0.71~0.94）;不经常揉眼睛的学生患近视的风险比经常揉眼睛的学生低（OR=1.31,95%CI：0.96~1.80）。结论可通过加强健康宣传教育结合重点人群（父母患近视的学生）进行干预,养成良好的用眼习惯,注意眼部卫生,学会主动休息减少用眼负担来降低小学生近视的患病率。

Objective To explore the impact factors for the prevalence of myopia in primary school students.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to select 3 949 students in primary school in 9 districts of Beijing with a multistage cluster randomized sampling method.Results In multilevel regression models,the risk of male myopic students was lower than the female myopic students′（OR=0.79,95%CI：0.68-0.90）.The risk of myopic students with non-myopic parents was lower than the students whose parents were both myopic（OR=0.34,95%CI：0.28-0.42）.The risk of active resting myopic students was lower than the non-active resting students（OR=0.82,95%CI：0.71-0.94）.The risk of myopic students who did not always rub their eyes were lower than the students who did（OR=1.31,95%CI：0.96-1.80）.Conclusion We need to reduce the prevalence of myopia by strengthening health education（especially focal students whose parents were both myopic）,forming good habits in using eyes,improving eye health and taking the initiative in rest.