重庆市南岸区2004-2008年麻疹疫情流行病学分析和控制对策

Epdemiological analysis on the data of measles and strategies for its control in Nan′an district of chongqing city during the period from 2004-2008

目的分析麻疹流行的特征和分布规律,为进一步控制和消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法对2004-2008年麻疹监测资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2004-2008年共报告506例麻疹病人,局部散在发病,全区各个乡镇和街道均有病例发生,病例分布存在明显的地区差异,病例发病集中在4~8月份;人群以散居儿童、学生和托幼儿童为主,占80.43%;发病年龄主要集中在5岁以下,占总发病人数的69.56%;未达麻疹疫苗初免接种年龄（8月龄）中的人群发病占总发病数的20.29%,已达初免年龄的发病人群中无免疫接种史者达35.20%。结论南岸区麻疹近年来总发病率有所上升,主要是散在发病,需要进一步采取针对性有效措施,以达到有效控制和消除麻疹的目标。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and distribution of measles,and to provide scientific basis for further control and elimination of measles.Methods The surveillance data of measles during 2004-2008 in Nan′an district of Chongqing city were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results 506 measles patients were reported from 2004 to 2008.Cases were found from every town and street.There was geographical variation in the frequencies of measles among the different prefectures.More measles cases occurred from April to August.80.43% of measles cases were scattered living children,students and preschool children,and the cases were mainly children under 5 years（69.56%）.Patients younger than the age of primary immunization measles vaccination（eight months） accounted for 20.29% of all the measles cases.Meanwhile,patients older than the age of primary immunization（35.20%） had not been vaccinated before.Conclusion There was an ascending trend of measles incidence rate in Nan′an district of Chongqing city,where the cases were mainly sporadic.More efficient measures must be taken to achieve the goal of measles control and elimination in Nan′an district of Chongqing city.