中国电子废弃物管理政策述评

Review of E-waste Management Policy in China

2011年1月1日,《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》正式开始实施,使得我国电子废弃物管理的法规、政策体系得以初步形成。本文在回顾我国电子垃圾问题及政策发展的基础上,对我国电子废弃物管理政策进行了评述。我国电子废弃物的来源主要有国际和国内两个方面,土法拆解是电子废弃物造成环境污染的主要原因。电子废弃物的污染问题,引起政府对电子废弃物管理的高度重视。经过十多年的探索,我国已经形成了对外封堵非法转移、对内加强行政管理的管理方式,建立了从电子电气产品的设计、生产、进口到回收处理的一系列政策和技术规范,以及相关配套政策。未来政策发展应注意推动公众参与与合作治理模式的建立,重视农村电子废弃物的管理,并从资源战略的高度进一步完善电子废弃物的管理政策。

On January 1,2011,Regulation for the Administration of Recovery and Disposal of Wastes from Electric and Electronic Products came into effect,which made China＇s e-waste management regulations and policies develop to be a whole system.Based on looking back upon the development of e-waste issues and policies,this paper proffers a review of China＇s e-waste management policy.The main sources of China＇s e-waste are both international and domestic,and the improper dismantling method of it is the major cause of environmental pollution caused by e-waste.The Chinese government has made great efforts to address this issue.After ten years of exploration,China has established an e-waste management system including blocking the illegal transfer of foreign e-waste and strengthening the regulation domestically.By now,the system of policies and technical specifications about electrical and electronic products from design,production,imports to the recycling has been established,so do some related policies.In the future,the policy should pay more attention to the promotion of public participation and the development and establishment of cooperative governance models,emphasize e-waste management in rural areas,and improve the management from the point of resource strategy.